4.1 Cognitive mapping tools
- Used principally in mapping strategic knowledge.
- Use ‘oval mapping’ technique in groups.
- Develop concepts, links and clusters.
- Decision Explorer’ – can develop complex levels of analysis.
4.2 Information-retrieval tools
Figure 7.8 Indexing a text database
- There are two processes involved in information retrieval:-
2) Solving a user's information needs in the form of a query through algorithms & ranking the results in some form of relevance to the user.
- Text processing:-
1) Lexical
analysis to identify words from characters.
2) Eliminating
stopwords occurring frequently.
3) Stemming
e.g. Connect is stem for connected, connecting, and connections.
4) Full
text indexing.
5) Thesaurus
index terms synonyms and near synonyms.
6) Text
compression to cope with information overload.
- Search engine:-
Figure 7.10 Search engine: Crawler-indexer architecture
1) Centralised
crawler-indexer architecture. Crawlers (software agents) traverse web sending
back pages for indexing. Indexer – deals with query from user and new information from crawler.
2) Decentralised
gatherers-brokers architecture. Gatherers collect and extract indexing info.
from lots of servers. Brokers provide indexing and query interface.
3) Metasearchers are Web servers that send query to
several search engines.
4) Most common query on the Web is 2.3 words.
4) Most common query on the Web is 2.3 words.
- Personalisation
1) Device
provides needs and wants of consumer.
2) Solution
lies in data mining in terms of analysing user’s clickstream and making recommendations.
3) Use of agents and machine learning.
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